![]() How similar to this link are the links between me and particular worldly trees when I see them in photographs, or in paintings? Are they, in some important sense, links of the same kind? Or are they links of importantly different kinds? Or, as a third possibility, are they at once (. My ordinary visual link to it is ‘intentional’. When I see a tree through my window, that particular worldly tree is said to be ‘in’, ‘on’, or ‘before’ my mind. More recently the view has been advocated by Jackson 1977 and Robinson 1994. Indirect realism is often associated with Locke 1690. Modern proponents of the view include Brewer 2011 and Martin 2002. Though interpretation is controversial, Reid 1813 is often listed as a historical proponent of direct realism. A version of the second conception is explicated in Huemer 2001. Versions of the first conception of direct perception are developed in Jackson 1977 and Foster 2000. Do we perceive the intrinsic properties of objects (such as size and shape) directly? If not, do we perceive intrinsic properties indirectly in virtue of perceiving mind-dependent appearance properties? Or do we perceive intrinsic properties indirectly, in virtue of perceiving mind-independent relational properties, such as situation-dependent properties? A third question centers on the nature of properties perceived directly. Indirect realists, such as sense datum theorists, have it that we perceive mental proxies for physical objects directly. A second question is: What do we perceive directly? Direct realists have it that we perceive physical objects directly. ![]() ![]() ![]() On another conception, to perceive x directly is to be perceptually aware of x without one’s awareness of x being inferred from prior awareness of anything else, and to perceive x indirectly is for one’s perceptual awareness of x to be inferred from prior awareness of something else. On one conception, to perceive x directly is to perceive x, but not in virtue of perceiving anything else, while to perceive x indirectly is to perceive x in virtue of perceiving something else. A first question is: What does it mean to perceive something directly? There are two standard ways in which this question has been answered. This area is structured by three central questions. ![]()
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